In physics, motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position over time.
First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia):
In an inertial frame of reference, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
Second Law of Motion:
In an inertial frame of reference, force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force is equal to mass times acceleration.
F =
Momentum time
=m v t
If m is constantF = m a ∵
v t
= aF: force, m: mass, a: acceleration, v: velocity, t: time
Third Law of Motion:
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
FAB = − FBA
1. Translational Motion
A motion in which all particles of an object move along with it from one point to another without repeating its motion. E.g. A moving car.
1.1. Rectilinear (Linear) Motion
A translational motion in which an object moves along a linear path. E.g. A light ray.
1.2. Curvilinear Motion
A translational motion in which an object moves along a curved path. E.g. A turning car, projectile motion.
1.3. Random Motion
A translational motion in which an object moves along a random path. E.g. A flying bee.
2. Circular Motion
A motion in which an object moves along a circular path. E.g. Electrons in an atom.
3. Rotational Motion
A motion in which an object spins around its own fixed axis. E.g. A spinning top.
4. Periodic Motion
A motion in which an object moves along the same path after equal intervals of time. E.g. Revolution of Earth, hands of clock.
5. Non-Periodic Motion
A motion in which an object does not move along the same path after equal intervals of time. E.g. A bouncing ball.
6. Oscillatory Motion
A motion in which an object moves back and forth along the same path. E.g. Pendulum of a clock.
6.1. Vibratory Motion
A motion in which an object oscillates at a very high rate due to oscillatory motion of its particles. E.g. String of a guitar, a tuning fork.
Difference between Oscillatory and Vibratory motions
Vibration is a type of oscillation. But oscillation is caused by the restoring force from the weight of the object, whereas, vibration is caused by the restoring force from the elastic property of the object.
7. Uniform Motion
A motion in which an object or particles of an object travels equal distances in equal intervals of time. E.g. Revolution of Earth, periodic motion, uniform linear motion, uniform circular motion, uniform rotational motion.
8. Non-uniform Motion
A motion in which an object or particles of an object does not travel equal distances in equal intervals of time. E.g. A bouncing ball, non-periodic motion, non-uniform linear motion, non-uniform circular motion, non-uniform rotational motion.
9. One-dimensional Motion
A motion in which an object moves along a linear path. E.g. A rectilinear (linear) motion, linear oscillatory motion.
10. Multi-dimensional Motion
A motion in which an object moves along a multi-dimensional space.
10.1. Two-dimensional Motion
A motion in which an object moves along a Two-dimensional plane. E.g. A curvilinear motion, circular motion.
10.2. Three-dimensional Motion
A motion in which an object moves along a Three-dimensional space. E.g. A random motion.
Note:
An object can have more than one type of motion at the same time. E.g. Earth revolving around the sun (circular motion), rotating around its axis (rotational motion) periodically (periodic motion).